Are there any single or double precision benchmark results on the hard processor system (HPS) side for the Cyclone® V SoC?

Benchmark results are not available.
However, please refer to the Arm documentation for performance differences for each instruction.

Cortex™-A9 Floating Point Unit Technical Reference Manual
http://infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.ddi0408fj/DDI0408FJ_fpu.pdf
(Table 2-1 FPU Instruction Throughput and Latency Cycles)

In addition to the floating-point unit (VFP), the Cortex-A9 also includes a
coprocessor for floating-point operations called NEON. Please refer to the following for the difference between each.

Cortex-A9 NEON Media Processing Engine Technical Reference Manual
http://infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.ddi0409fj/DDI0409FJ_neon_mpe.pdf
(1.1 Cortex A9 NEON MPE)
Cortex-A9 Floating-Point Unit Technical Reference Manual, section "1.1 About FPU".

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Category: SoC
Tools: SoC EDS
Device: ^Cyclone® V